Category Archives: CS Courses

Class Object Example

Posted on September 23, 2020 | Leave a comment

Class
Object
– Earth is a software application where human and other thing is software objects.For creating object we need to create a human class. Humans have basic behaviors as well as some basic attributes age height inches etc.

Human,java

package Prerequisite_OOP;

public class Human {
    String name;
    int age;
    int heightInInches;
    String eyeColor;

    public Human(){

    }

    public void speak(){
        System.out.println("Hello, my name is"+name);
        System.out.println("I am"+heightInInches+" inches tall");
        System.out.println("i am "+age+" years old");
        System.out.println("My eye color is "+eyeColor);
    }


    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("Eating...");
    }

    public void walk(){
        System.out.println("Walking...");
    }


    public void work(){
        System.out.println("Working");
    }

}

package Prerequisite_OOP;

public class Human {

String name;

int age;

int heightInInches;

String eyeColor;

public Human(){

}

public void speak(){

System.out.println("Hello, my name is"+name);

System.out.println("I am"+heightInInches+" inches tall");

System.out.println("i am "+age+" years old");

System.out.println("My eye color is "+eyeColor);

}

public void eat(){

System.out.println("Eating...");

}

public void walk(){

System.out.println("Walking...");

}

public void work(){

System.out.println("Working");

}

Earth.java

package Prerequisite_OOP;

public class Earth {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Human tom;
        tom=new Human();
        tom.speak();


        tom.age=5;
        tom.eyeColor="Blue";
        tom.heightInInches=72;
        tom.name="Tom Zsabo";
        tom.speak();
    }

}

package Prerequisite_OOP;

public class Earth {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Human tom;

tom=new Human();

tom.speak();

tom.age=5;

tom.eyeColor="Blue";

tom.heightInInches=72;

tom.name="Tom Zsabo";

tom.speak();

}

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Posted in Java, OO Analysis and Design, OOP

Tagged class, Java, object, OOP

Java learned as so far:

Posted on September 17, 2020 | Leave a comment

Java variables,
Array, 2d array
Method
Different method invoking and return type
Class
– Class is actually a blueprint/specification/design
– A class can create as many as objects it needs to create
Object
– Earth is a software application where human and other thing is software objects.For creating object we need to create a human class
– Objects do particular behavior in a class
– Object exist only in application runtime actually when application is running
– Objects have identity,state and behavior
–
this keyword – it represent current object
Instance
Constructor – The costructor is a special method with the same name as the class and it’s used to instantiate objects from that class
– Every class has a by default constructor if we don’t put it manually
– The constructor is special method containing instructions for object creation. it can be said it is so called birth method. It has instructions for how the object will be born when the application starts up
Static keyword
Stack and heap memory
Garbage collection
Object oriented Programming = better organizing of code, it is a way to organize our code from multiple files by creating objects
Local variable
Reference variable
Instance variable
Inheritance
– Inheritance is the approach to get/transfer behaviour of one class to another
– We use extends keyword for inheriting, in inheritance we inherit from parent class which known as base class and the class which needs inheritation is known as child class or sub class/derived class
– super keyword it extract constructor and it’s variable from parent class but reverse is not possible
Overrides
– Same method name with different purpose
– Same method name in parent class but in child class the method name is same but with different purpose
– Overrides means replace
– Override is not a good idea sometimes so we go for interface
Interfaces
– Interface is a contract with a class. The class needs to implements that method of the interface according to contract
– Interface has a method which does not need body, so it is just only to define, it is called as abstract method
– one parent class
– We use implements keyword while putting interface in a class
Abstract class
– When you don’t need all methods to invoke you can use abstract method, you can not make object from abstract class. Abstract method needs to be in abstract class. We use abstract keyword for both method and object to define abstract class and methods
– you can only extend abstract class but can not instantiate abstract class
– We can define abstract class as a type while creating object
Polymorphism

Loops
Exception Handling

Collection Framework
Wrapper class
Threading
Concurrency
Database

Jshell
Functional Interfaces
Lambda expressions

-Lambda helps us to use separate from associated object
– it can run without class
– We need to use lot of interfaces for this

Streams

Ei bold kora jayga diye project banaye banaye clear korte hobe
Italic kora jaygagula motamuti clear asey In Sha Allah, Alhamdulillah
The source is : Imtiaz Ahmed’s complete Java course

Master Object Oriented Design in Java course note

Association: It defines relationship between classes, it defines how the software will behave
Dependency Association: For example from code:

public class Driver {
    public void drive(Vehicle raceCar){
        raceCar.accelerate();
    }
}

public class Driver {

public void drive(Vehicle raceCar){

raceCar.accelerate();

}

A driver receives a vehicle reference only as driver then only he can drive or accelerate

Composition: A particular object . It imply ownership
for example in this code:

package Lesson_1;

public class Vehicle1 {
    Engine myEngine; //c
    public vehicle(Engine anEngine){
        myEngine=anEngine;
    }

    public void operateVehicle(){
        myEngine.start();
    }
}

package Lesson_1;

public class Vehicle1 {

Engine myEngine; //c

public vehicle(Engine anEngine){

myEngine=anEngine;

}

public void operateVehicle(){

myEngine.start();

}

Aggregation Association: It does not imply ownership

public class SchoolLanguageDepartment{

   SpanishCourse spanish;
   FrenchCourse french;
   HindiCourse hindi;
   BanglaCourse bangla;

}

public class SchoolLanguageDepartment{

SpanishCourse spanish;

FrenchCourse french;

HindiCourse hindi;

BanglaCourse bangla;

}

Here Department to SpanishCourse relation is composite

But Course to Student relationship is not composite because it does not imply ownership a student can take many courses or not

public class HistoryCourse{

  Student[] registeredStudent;

}

public class HistoryCourse{

Student[] registeredStudent;

}

We find this relationship from above diagram, the block diamond and white diamond is the part of UML diagram

Forming Association between objects:

public class NewsPaperCompany{

    Customer customer;

    public void setCustomer(Customer aCustomer){
        customer=aCustomer;
    }


}

public class NewsPaperCompany{

Customer customer;

public void setCustomer(Customer aCustomer){

customer=aCustomer;

}

has a relationship in customer .

Now when to stop delivery

public class Customer{

    NewsPaperCompany paperCompany;

    public void setNewsPaperCompany(NewsPaperCompany aPaperCompany)
    {
        paperCompany=aPaperCompany;
    }

    public void cancelSubscription{
        paperCompany.stopDelivery();
    }
}

public class Customer{

NewsPaperCompany paperCompany;

public void setNewsPaperCompany(NewsPaperCompany aPaperCompany)

{

paperCompany=aPaperCompany;

}

public void cancelSubscription{

paperCompany.stopDelivery();

}

Overview of software design:
For example: Hospital Employee Management System
Task of the software:
Hire and Terminate Employees
Print Reports(XML,CSV Formats)

Problem Statement:
Current status of the software

Tips for design:
– You must draw design in paper or whiteboard don’t go to code directly
– Don’t overdesign or overdraw
– We have to develop iteratively but early steps should be kept simple
– Class names should be nouns based on their intention

Single Responsibility Priniciple(SRP): Not all the things in the same class

Don’t repeat yourself(DRY):

Arrow sign always describe that it is depends on that dependency class:

DAO=Data Access Object

Single Responsibility Principle Special Notes:
A class should have only one single reason to change

Open closed principle sayings about class design:

Classes should be open for extension but closed for modification.

Open Closed Principle and Strategy pattern:
Software modules should be open for extension and closed for modification
In development lifecycle software requirements needs to be constantly pour in. If developed need to change the already made codes the design is fragile. Fragile means broken.

So open closed principle save engineers from fragile design

instanceof operator we used here in the code:
HotelManagementSystem class:

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class HospitalManagement {
    public void callUpon(Employee employee){
        if (employee instanceof Nurse){
            checkVitalSigns();
            drawBlood();
            cleanPatientArea();
        }else if (employee instanceof Doctor){
            prescribeMedicine();
            diagnosePatients();
        }
    }


    //Nurses
    private void checkVitalSigns(){
        System.out.println("Checking Vitals");
    }

    private void drawBlood(){
        System.out.println("drawing blood");
    }

    private void cleanPatientArea(){
        System.out.println("cleaning patient Area");
    }
    //Doctors
    public void prescribeMedicine(){
        System.out.println("Prescribed Medicine");
    }

    public void diagnosePatients(){
        System.out.println("Diagnose Patient");
    }

}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class HospitalManagement {

public void callUpon(Employee employee){

if (employee instanceof Nurse){

checkVitalSigns();

drawBlood();

cleanPatientArea();

}else if (employee instanceof Doctor){

prescribeMedicine();

diagnosePatients();

}

//Nurses

private void checkVitalSigns(){

System.out.println("Checking Vitals");

}

private void drawBlood(){

System.out.println("drawing blood");

}

private void cleanPatientArea(){

System.out.println("cleaning patient Area");

}

//Doctors

public void prescribeMedicine(){

System.out.println("Prescribed Medicine");

}

public void diagnosePatients(){

System.out.println("Diagnose Patient");

}

Here it is like a junk drawer

So we will make it changes because it is violating OCP principle. This chamging process is known as Strategy pattern. So let’s do it.

We could also do it with interface class except abstract class

Example after applying Strategy pattern:
Nurse.java

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class Nurse extends Employee {


    public Nurse(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {
        super(id, name, department, working);
        System.out.println("Nurse in action: ");
    }


    private void checkVitalSigns(){
        System.out.println("Checking Vitals");
    }

    private void drawBlood(){
        System.out.println("drawing blood");
    }

    private void cleanPatientArea(){
        System.out.println("cleaning patient Area");
    }


    public void performDuties(){
        checkVitalSigns();
        drawBlood();
        cleanPatientArea();
    }
}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class Nurse extends Employee {

public Nurse(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {

super(id, name, department, working);

System.out.println("Nurse in action: ");

}

private void checkVitalSigns(){

System.out.println("Checking Vitals");

}

private void drawBlood(){

System.out.println("drawing blood");

}

private void cleanPatientArea(){

System.out.println("cleaning patient Area");

}

public void performDuties(){

checkVitalSigns();

drawBlood();

cleanPatientArea();

}

Doctor,java

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class Doctor extends Employee {
    public Doctor(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {
        super(id, name, department, working);
        System.out.println("Doctor in action..");
    }


    public void prescribeMedicine(){
        System.out.println("Prescribed Medicine");
    }

    public void diagnosePatients(){
        System.out.println("Diagnose Patient");
    }

    public void performDuties(){
        prescribeMedicine();
        diagnosePatients();
    }

}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class Doctor extends Employee {

public Doctor(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {

super(id, name, department, working);

System.out.println("Doctor in action..");

}

public void prescribeMedicine(){

System.out.println("Prescribed Medicine");

}

public void diagnosePatients(){

System.out.println("Diagnose Patient");

}

public void performDuties(){

prescribeMedicine();

diagnosePatients();

}

HospitalManagement.java

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class HospitalManagement {
    public void callUpon(Employee employee){
//        if (employee instanceof Nurse){
//            checkVitalSigns();
//            drawBlood();
//            cleanPatientArea();
//        }else if (employee instanceof Doctor){
//            prescribeMedicine();
//            diagnosePatients();
//        }
        employee.performDuties();
    }





}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class HospitalManagement {

public void callUpon(Employee employee){

// if (employee instanceof Nurse){

// checkVitalSigns();

// drawBlood();

// cleanPatientArea();

// }else if (employee instanceof Doctor){

// prescribeMedicine();

// diagnosePatients();

// }

employee.performDuties();

}

Employee.java

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

abstract public class Employee {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String department;
    private boolean working;


    public Employee(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.department = department;
        this.working = working;
    }

    public abstract void performDuties();

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", department='" + department + '\'' +
                ", working=" + working +
                '}';
    }
}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

abstract public class Employee {

private int id;

private String name;

private String department;

private boolean working;

public Employee(int id, String name, String department, boolean working) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.department = department;

this.working = working;

}

public abstract void performDuties();

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Employee{" +

"id=" + id +

", name='" + name + '\'' +

", department='" + department + '\'' +

", working=" + working +

'}';

}

EmergencyRoomProcess.java

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class EmergencyRoomProcess {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HospitalManagement ERDirector=new HospitalManagement();
        Employee peggy=new Nurse(1, "Peggy","Emergency Department",true);
        ERDirector.callUpon(peggy);

        Employee suzan = new Doctor(2,"Suzan","Emergency",true);
        ERDirector.callUpon(suzan);

    }
}

package OpenClosedPrinciple;

public class EmergencyRoomProcess {

public static void main(String[] args) {

HospitalManagement ERDirector=new HospitalManagement();

Employee peggy=new Nurse(1, "Peggy","Emergency Department",true);

ERDirector.callUpon(peggy);

Employee suzan = new Doctor(2,"Suzan","Emergency",true);

ERDirector.callUpon(suzan);

}

To String Tutorial:

DemoToString.java

package SomeBasicThingsPractice;

public class DemoToString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Student s1=new Student(11,"Robin");
//        System.out.println(s1.sname);
//        System.out.println(s1.rollno);
        System.out.println(s1.toString());
    }


}

class Student{
    int rollno;
    String sname;

    public Student(int rollno, String sname) {
        this.rollno = rollno;
        this.sname = sname;
    }


    public String toString(){
        return "Student name is: "+sname+" and roll no:"+rollno;
    }
}

package SomeBasicThingsPractice;

public class DemoToString {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student s1=new Student(11,"Robin");

// System.out.println(s1.sname);

// System.out.println(s1.rollno);

System.out.println(s1.toString());

}

class Student{

int rollno;

String sname;

public Student(int rollno, String sname) {

this.rollno = rollno;

this.sname = sname;

}

public String toString(){

return "Student name is: "+sname+" and roll no:"+rollno;

}

Dependency Inversion Principle:
Device Manufacturing Company has:

The manufacturing process:
1. Assembly
2. Testing
3. Packaging
4. Storage

GeneralMAnufacturingProcess
UML diagram:

We depend on something in driving like car is stopping by traffic light
Imagine a life every car has different mechanism
Violation of Dependency Inversion Principle
When higher level modules depend on lower level ones succeptible to change
Dangers of coupling:
Tight coupling :

Well design software has single responsibility
This method says high level modules should not depend on lowlevel modules. It should depend on abstractions
Abstract classes and Interfaces don’t change as often as concrete classes/ derivatives
Cohesion means related things together.

This code I tried to run in class inside class but did not worked. Then I downloaded course code and run worked then again I tried to do with my directory structure then it worked.

Quizes from OOP course:
Q1:
Q2: The Dependency Inversion Principle states
Interfaces and abstract classes change far less often the concrete derivatives. Concrete classes should depend on Interfaces and abstract classes because they change less often and are higher level modules

Q3: In general the dependency inversion principle states that code should only depend on things that don’t change often
True
Liskov Substitution Principle:
Subtypes must be substitutable for their basetypes

There are some patterns which is not good known as Anti-pattern:
Here the link can be found

This is a ISA relationship, Nurse and Doctor depends on Employee class. Employee class is Abstract class

When it is adding a substitute teacher who does not work as like a teacher it violates the LISKOV pronciple as per this line of definition: Subtypes must be substitutable for their basetypes

So we changed to a new UML which does not violate LISKOV principle and did the code.

New UML:

Question 1:
The Liskov Substitution principle states, that child classes should not be substitutable in place of their parents.

Interface Segregation Principle:

Fat class is a class which has too many responsibilities.

CustomerTransaction

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomerTransaction implements Accounting, Reporting {

    private List<Product> products;
    private Customer customer;

    public CustomerTransaction(Customer customer,List<Product> products){
            this.products=products;
            this.customer=customer;
    }

    //methods for reporting
    @Override
    public String getName(){
        return "name";
    }

    @Override
    public Date getDate(){
        return new Date();
    }

    @Override
    public String getProductBreakDown(){
        String reportlist = null;
        for(Product product: products){
            reportlist+=product.getProductName();
        }
        return  reportlist;
    }

    @Override
    public void prepareInvoice(){
        System.out.println("invoice prepared....");
    }

    @Override
    public void chargeCustomer(){
    System.out.println("charged the customer");
    }


}

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

public class CustomerTransaction implements Accounting, Reporting {

private List<Product> products;

private Customer customer;

public CustomerTransaction(Customer customer,List<Product> products){

this.products=products;

this.customer=customer;

}

//methods for reporting

@Override

public String getName(){

return "name";

}

@Override

public Date getDate(){

return new Date();

}

@Override

public String getProductBreakDown(){

String reportlist = null;

for(Product product: products){

reportlist+=product.getProductName();

}

return reportlist;

}

@Override

public void prepareInvoice(){

System.out.println("invoice prepared....");

}

@Override

public void chargeCustomer(){

System.out.println("charged the customer");

}

public class AccountsReceivable {

    private CustomerTransaction transactionObject;


    public AccountsReceivable(CustomerTransaction aTransaction){
        transactionObject=aTransaction;
    }

    public void postPayment(){
        transactionObject.chargeCustomer();
    }

    public void sendInvoice(){
        transactionObject.prepareInvoice();
    }




}

public class AccountsReceivable {

private CustomerTransaction transactionObject;

public AccountsReceivable(CustomerTransaction aTransaction){

transactionObject=aTransaction;

}

public void postPayment(){

transactionObject.chargeCustomer();

}

public void sendInvoice(){

transactionObject.prepareInvoice();

}

public class Product {

private int productID;

    public int getProductID() {
        return productID;
    }

    public void setProductID(int productID) {
        this.productID = productID;
    }

    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }

    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }

    private String productName;

}

public class Product {

private int productID;

public int getProductID() {

return productID;

}

public void setProductID(int productID) {

this.productID = productID;

}

public String getProductName() {

return productName;

}

public void setProductName(String productName) {

this.productName = productName;

}

private String productName;

}

public class Customer {
    private String name;


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

public class Customer {

private String name;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public class ReportGenerator {


    private Reporting transactionObject;

    public void generateReport(){
        System.out.println(transactionObject.getName()+" "+transactionObject.getProductBreakDown()+" "+transactionObject.getDate());
    }

}

public class ReportGenerator {

private Reporting transactionObject;

public void generateReport(){

System.out.println(transactionObject.getName()+" "+transactionObject.getProductBreakDown()+" "+transactionObject.getDate());

}

import java.util.Date;

public interface Reporting {
    //methods for reporting
    String getName();

    Date getDate();

    String getProductBreakDown();
}

import java.util.Date;

public interface Reporting {

//methods for reporting

String getName();

Date getDate();

String getProductBreakDown();

}

public interface Accounting {
    void prepareInvoice();

    void chargeCustomer();
}

public interface Accounting {

void prepareInvoice();

void chargeCustomer();

}

From Quiz: Main Kotha about Interface Segregation Principle:

This principle does not have to do with the number of dependencies that may exist in an application. The principle simply states that modules should not have dependencies on code they do not use.

If a module does not use functionality from another module, there is no reason to have a direct dependency between them. There should be an abstraction in between to segregate the 2 modules

Dependency Injection:
When the application is not running there is no object because onbject only available in runtime, you will find only some classes

Tight Coupling:
Cohesion:
A very popular dependency injection implementation is spring framework bundled with spring container.

Dependency injection is

Dependency Injection Using Spring:
Observer Pattern:
The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.
One basic UML diagram from wikipedia:

Created one for the course:

Builder Pattern:
When there is so many constructors and tough to handle it. Example codes with some bugs. Will do the solution later.

code example:
user.java

import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;

public class User {
    private String userName; //Required
    private String emailAddress; //Required
    private String firstName; //Optional
    private String lastName; //Optional
    private int phoneNumber; //Optional
    private String address; //Optional

    public User(Builder builder) {
        this.userName=builder.userName;
        this.emailAddress=builder.emailAddress;
        this.firstName=builder.firstName;
        this.phoneNumber=builder.phoneNumber;
        this.address=builder.address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +
                ", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", phoneNumber=" + phoneNumber +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }



    public static class Builder{
        private String userName; //Required
        private String emailAddress; //Required
        private String firstName; //Optional
        private String lastName; //Optional
        private int phoneNumber; //Optional
        private String address; //Optional

        public Builder(String userName,String email){
            this.userName=userName;
            this.emailAddress=email;
        }

        public Builder firstName(String value){
            this.firstName=value;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder lastName(String value){
            this.lastName=value;
            return this;
        }

        public User build(){
            return new User(this);
        }

    }

}

import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;

public class User {

private String userName; //Required

private String emailAddress; //Required

private String firstName; //Optional

private String lastName; //Optional

private int phoneNumber; //Optional

private String address; //Optional

public User(Builder builder) {

this.userName=builder.userName;

this.emailAddress=builder.emailAddress;

this.firstName=builder.firstName;

this.phoneNumber=builder.phoneNumber;

this.address=builder.address;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"userName='" + userName + '\'' +

", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +

", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +

", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +

", phoneNumber=" + phoneNumber +

", address='" + address + '\'' +

'}';

}

public static class Builder{

private String userName; //Required

private String emailAddress; //Required

private String firstName; //Optional

private String lastName; //Optional

private int phoneNumber; //Optional

private String address; //Optional

public Builder(String userName,String email){

this.userName=userName;

this.emailAddress=email;

}

public Builder firstName(String value){

this.firstName=value;

return this;

}

public Builder lastName(String value){

this.lastName=value;

return this;

}

public User build(){

return new User(this);

}

app.java

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User websiteUser = new User.Builder("bobMax", "bob@bob.com").firstName("bob").lastName("max").build();


        System.out.println(websiteUser);
    }
}

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args) {

User websiteUser = new User.Builder("bobMax", "[email protected]").firstName("bob").lastName("max").build();

System.out.println(websiteUser);

}

Factory Pattern:

UML Diagram:

codes:
Vehicle.java

public interface Vehicle {
   public void startEngine();
}

public interface Vehicle {

public void startEngine();

}

VehicleFactory.java

public class VehicleFactory {
    public Vehicle getVehicle(VehicleType vehicleType)
    {
        return vehicleType.getVehicle();
    }

}

public class VehicleFactory {

public Vehicle getVehicle(VehicleType vehicleType)

{

return vehicleType.getVehicle();

}

App.java

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        VehicleFactory vehicleFactory=new VehicleFactory();
        Vehicle vehicle=vehicleFactory.getVehicle(VehicleType.ELECTRIC);
        vehicle.startEngine();
    }
}

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args) {

VehicleFactory vehicleFactory=new VehicleFactory();

Vehicle vehicle=vehicleFactory.getVehicle(VehicleType.ELECTRIC);

vehicle.startEngine();

}

VehicleType.java

public enum VehicleType {
    TRUCK {
        public Vehicle getVehicle() {
            return new Truck();
        }
    }, CAR {
        public Vehicle getVehicle() {
            return new Car();
        }
    }, ELECTRIC {
        public Vehicle getVehicle() {
            return new ElectricCar();
        }


    };


    abstract Vehicle getVehicle();

    }

public enum VehicleType {

TRUCK {

public Vehicle getVehicle() {

return new Truck();

}

}, CAR {

public Vehicle getVehicle() {

return new Car();

}

}, ELECTRIC {

public Vehicle getVehicle() {

return new ElectricCar();

}

};

abstract Vehicle getVehicle();

}

ElectricCar.java

public class ElectricCar implements Vehicle{

    @Override
    public void startEngine() {
        System.out.println("push button started electric car´s engine");
    }
}

public class ElectricCar implements Vehicle{

@Override

public void startEngine() {

System.out.println("push button started electric car´s engine");

}

Car.java

public class Car implements Vehicle{
    public void startEngine(){
        System.out.println("started simple engine");
    }
}

public class Car implements Vehicle{

public void startEngine(){

System.out.println("started simple engine");

}

Truck.java

public class Truck implements Vehicle {

    @Override
    public void startEngine() {
        System.out.println("started a large engine");
    }
}

public class Truck implements Vehicle {

@Override

public void startEngine() {

System.out.println("started a large engine");

}

Singleton Design Pattern: It only uses once in an application.

PerformanceStage

public class PerformanceStage {
    //private constructor for singleton
    private static int counter;
    private static PerformanceStage INSTANCE=null;

    private PerformanceStage(){
        counter++;
    }
    public synchronized static PerformanceStage getInstance(){
        if(INSTANCE==null){
            INSTANCE = new PerformanceStage();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void turnOnLights(){
        System.out.println("turned on lights...");
    }

    public int getCounter(){
        return counter;
    }

}

public class PerformanceStage {

//private constructor for singleton

private static int counter;

private static PerformanceStage INSTANCE=null;

private PerformanceStage(){

counter++;

}

public synchronized static PerformanceStage getInstance(){

if(INSTANCE==null){

INSTANCE = new PerformanceStage();

}

return INSTANCE;

}

public void turnOnLights(){

System.out.println("turned on lights...");

}

public int getCounter(){

return counter;

}

Application.java

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PerformanceStage stage=PerformanceStage.getInstance();
        stage.turnOnLights();
        System.out.println(stage.getCounter());


        PerformanceStage stage2=new PerformanceStage();
        PerformanceStage stage3=new PerformanceStage();
        PerformanceStage stage4=new PerformanceStage();
        PerformanceStage stage5=new PerformanceStage();

        System.out.println(stage3.getCounter());
    }
}

public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

PerformanceStage stage=PerformanceStage.getInstance();

stage.turnOnLights();

System.out.println(stage.getCounter());

PerformanceStage stage2=new PerformanceStage();

PerformanceStage stage3=new PerformanceStage();

PerformanceStage stage4=new PerformanceStage();

PerformanceStage stage5=new PerformanceStage();

System.out.println(stage3.getCounter());

}

Course Source Imtiaz Ahmed Master OOP Design udemy course
Best Book Rereference/Website reference for learning Java: https://beginnersbook.com/2013/12/java-string-equals-and-equalsignorecase-methods-example/

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Posted in Design Patterns Implementations, Java, Java, Object Notation, OO Analysis and Design, OOP, Software Engineering

Tagged Design Patterns, Java, Object Oriented Analysis and Design, OOAD, OOP

Confusion matrix

Posted on July 27, 2020 | Leave a comment

https://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-confusion-matrix-terminology/#:~:text=A%20confusion%20matrix%20is%20a,the%20true%20values%20are%20known.&text=The%20classifier%20made%20a%20total,the%20presence%20of%20that%20disease).

https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding-confusion-matrix-a9ad42dcfd62

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Outliers in DM

Posted on July 25, 2020 | Leave a comment

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Exercise 11: Problem solved: Data Mining

Posted on July 21, 2020 | Leave a comment

code for exercise :

#a
library(arules)
data(Groceries)
Groceries

#b
myrules=apriori(Groceries)
inspect(myrules)

#c
myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(supp=0.05,conf=0.05))

#d
inspect(myrules)
myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(minlen=2))

#e
myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(minlen=1))
inspect(myrules)

#f
myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(supp=0.01,conf=0.01,minlen=3))

#g
inspect(myrules[20])
#answer lift value: Used to judge the strength of the association rule 
#if lift value is greater than> 1 some usefulness in that rule
#the larger the lift is the greater is the strength of the association
#https://www.dataminingapps.com/2017/04/what-is-the-lift-value-in-association-rule-mining/

#h
cc=sort(myrules,by="lift")
inspect(cc[1:10])

#i
hh=subset(myrules,subset=lhs %pin% "pork" & lift>1.2) #pin is using as matching function to match character
inspect(hh)

library(arules)

data(Groceries)

Groceries

myrules=apriori(Groceries)

inspect(myrules)

myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(supp=0.05,conf=0.05))

inspect(myrules)

myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(minlen=2))

myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(minlen=1))

inspect(myrules)

myrules=apriori(Groceries,parameter=list(supp=0.01,conf=0.01,minlen=3))

inspect(myrules[20])

#answer lift value: Used to judge the strength of the association rule

#if lift value is greater than> 1 some usefulness in that rule

#the larger the lift is the greater is the strength of the association

#https://www.dataminingapps.com/2017/04/what-is-the-lift-value-in-association-rule-mining/

cc=sort(myrules,by="lift")

inspect(cc[1:10])

hh=subset(myrules,subset=lhs %pin% "pork" & lift>1.2) #pin is using as matching function to match character

inspect(hh)

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Posted in Data Mining

Variable Rejection

Posted on July 21, 2020 | Leave a comment

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Exercise 10: Solving for problem

Posted on July 11, 2020 | Leave a comment

K={1, 1.1, 5, 5.1, 1.5, 5.2, 7.9, 1.2, 8.1, 9}
Total item=10

iter1:
m1=5 m2=9
K1={1, 1.1, 5, 5.1, 1.5, 5.2, 1.2} K2={7.9, 8.1, 9}
m1=2.87==approx(3) m2=8.333==approx(9)

iter(2):
K1={1, 1.1, 5, 5.1, 1.5, 5.2, 1.2} ; K2={7.9, 8.1, 9}
m1=approx(3) m2=approx(9)
So, here same mean twice. so we have to stop.

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Data Mining: Cluster analysis doing manually chapter 10

Posted on July 11, 2020 | Leave a comment

K-means clustering Algorithm for manually finding from observation:

Step 1: Take mean value

Step 2: Find nearest number of mean and put in cluster

Step 3: Repeat one and two until we get same mean

K={2,3,4,10,11,12,20,25,30}

k=2 [it means we have to create 2 clusters]

iter1:

m1=4 m2=12

k1={2,3,4} [according to nearest distance of 4]

so mean m1=3

k2={10,11,12,20,25,30}

m2=108/6=18

iter2:

k1={2,3,4,10}

m1=4.75==approc(5)

k2={11,12,20,25,30}

m2=19.6==approx(20)

Iter 3:
K1={2,3,4,10,11,12} K2={20,25,30}
m1=7 m2=25

k1={2,3,4,10,11,12} k2={20,25,30}

m1=7, m2=25

Same mean twice. Thus we are getting same mean we have to stop.

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Data Mining: Unit 9

Posted on July 3, 2020 | Leave a comment

Ensemble Models:

Basics
Boosting
Ranmdom Forests

Support Vector Machines
Basics
Linear Classification
Nonlinear Classification
Properties of SVMs

Discriminant Analysis
Basics

Exercise:

We are going to create some data mining models for classification and compare their performance. The goal with our models is still.

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Data Mining: Exercise 8

Posted on July 3, 2020 | Leave a comment

Design of network topology

Determine:

Number of input nodes
Too few nodes => misclassification
Too many nodes=> overfitting

Problems with dollar sign:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42560090/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-dollar-sign-in-r-function

Problem with tilde sign:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14976331/use-of-tilde-in-r-programming-language?noredirect=1&lq=1

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Java serious OOP Practice

Posted on July 1, 2020 | Leave a comment

Problem statement: Write a program to simulate a car dealership sales process. We will have employees, working selling vehicles to customers.

you have to think about nouns(a person, name or thing) while doing OOP, we have 4 nouns in the problem statement.

Dealership.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Dealership {

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        Customer cust1=new Customer("Tom", "123 Anything st", 25000); //cust1 is a variable
//        cust1.setName("Tom"); //cust1 is referencing the things on heap
//        cust1.setAddress("123 Anything st");
//        cust1.setCashOnHand(25000);

//        Vehicle vehicle=new Vehicle("Honda","Accord", 15000); //we are passing through constructor
//        vehicle.setMake("Honda");
//        vehicle.setModel("Accord");
//        vehicle.setPrice(15000);

        Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("BMW","M3",20000);

        Employee emp=new Employee();

        cust1.purchaseCar(vehicle, emp, false); //false

        Vehicle car=new Vehicle("BMW","M3",20000);

        boolean value=car.equals(vehicle);
        System.out.println(value);

        /***
         *
         * handleCustomer(Customer cust, boolean finance, Vehicle vehicle)
         *  if(finance==true)
         *      runCreditHistory(Customer cust, double doubleAmount)
         *  else if(vehicle.getPrice()<=cust.getCashOnHand()):
         *      processTransaction(Customer cust,Vehicle vehicle)
         *   else:
         *      tell customer bring more money
         *
         *
         * //getters allow us to encapsulate data
         *
         */


    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Dealership {

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Customer cust1=new Customer("Tom", "123 Anything st", 25000); //cust1 is a variable

// cust1.setName("Tom"); //cust1 is referencing the things on heap

// cust1.setAddress("123 Anything st");

// cust1.setCashOnHand(25000);

// Vehicle vehicle=new Vehicle("Honda","Accord", 15000); //we are passing through constructor

// vehicle.setMake("Honda");

// vehicle.setModel("Accord");

// vehicle.setPrice(15000);

Vehicle vehicle = new Vehicle("BMW","M3",20000);

Employee emp=new Employee();

cust1.purchaseCar(vehicle, emp, false); //false

Vehicle car=new Vehicle("BMW","M3",20000);

boolean value=car.equals(vehicle);

System.out.println(value);

/***

* handleCustomer(Customer cust, boolean finance, Vehicle vehicle)

* if(finance==true)

* runCreditHistory(Customer cust, double doubleAmount)

* else if(vehicle.getPrice()<=cust.getCashOnHand()):

* processTransaction(Customer cust,Vehicle vehicle)

* else:

* tell customer bring more money

* //getters allow us to encapsulate data

}

Customer.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Customer {
    private String name;  //this are only accessible in this class
    private String address;
    private double cashOnHand;

    public Customer(String name, String address, double cashOnHand) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.cashOnHand = cashOnHand;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public double getCashOnHand() {
        return cashOnHand;
    }

    public void setCashOnHand(double cashOnHand) {
        cashOnHand+=500;
        this.cashOnHand = cashOnHand;
    }


    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        address+="Dealership City";
        this.address = address;
    }


    public void purchaseCar(Vehicle vehicle, Employee emp, boolean finance) //method signature
    {
        emp.handleCustomer(this, finance, vehicle);  //"this" actually shares the instances of a class to the another class method


    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Customer {

private String name; //this are only accessible in this class

private String address;

private double cashOnHand;

public Customer(String name, String address, double cashOnHand) {

this.name = name;

this.address = address;

this.cashOnHand = cashOnHand;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public double getCashOnHand() {

return cashOnHand;

}

public void setCashOnHand(double cashOnHand) {

cashOnHand+=500;

this.cashOnHand = cashOnHand;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

address+="Dealership City";

this.address = address;

}

public void purchaseCar(Vehicle vehicle, Employee emp, boolean finance) //method signature

{

emp.handleCustomer(this, finance, vehicle); //"this" actually shares the instances of a class to the another class method

}

Vehicle.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Vehicle {
    private String make;
    private String model;
    private double price;

    public Vehicle(String make, String model, double price) {
        this.make = make;
        this.model = model;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getMake() {
        return make;
    }

    public void setMake(String make) {
        this.make = make;
    }

    public String getModel() {
        return model;
    }

    public void setModel(String model) {
        this.model = model;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return super.equals(obj);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Vehicle {" +
                "make='" + make + '\'' +
                ", model='" + model + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Vehicle {

private String make;

private String model;

private double price;

public Vehicle(String make, String model, double price) {

this.make = make;

this.model = model;

this.price = price;

}

public String getMake() {

return make;

}

public void setMake(String make) {

this.make = make;

}

public String getModel() {

return model;

}

public void setModel(String model) {

this.model = model;

}

public double getPrice() {

return price;

}

public void setPrice(double price) {

this.price = price;

}

@Override

public int hashCode() {

return super.hashCode();

}

@Override

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

return super.equals(obj);

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Vehicle {" +

"make='" + make + '\'' +

", model='" + model + '\'' +

", price=" + price +

'}';

}

Employee.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Employee {

    public void handleCustomer(Customer cust, boolean finance, Vehicle vehicle)
    {
        if(finance==true)
        {
            //customer pays in loan
            double loanAmount=vehicle.getPrice()-cust.getCashOnHand();
            runCreditHistroy(cust,loanAmount);

        }
        else if (vehicle.getPrice()<=cust.getCashOnHand())   //reason for using getters is encapsulating and the data hiding objects, setters to set also for the same purpose
        {
            //customer pays in cash
            processTransaction(cust,vehicle);
        }
        else{
            System.out.println(" Customer will need more money to purchase vehicle: "+vehicle);
        }
    }

    public void runCreditHistroy(Customer cust, double loanAmount)
    {
        System.out.println("Ran credit history for customer....");
        System.out.println("Customer has been approved to purchase the vehicle");
    }

    public void processTransaction(Customer cust, Vehicle vehicle){
        System.out.println("Customer has purchased the vehicle: "
                +vehicle+" for the price "+vehicle.getPrice());

    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Employee {

public void handleCustomer(Customer cust, boolean finance, Vehicle vehicle)

{

if(finance==true)

{

//customer pays in loan

double loanAmount=vehicle.getPrice()-cust.getCashOnHand();

runCreditHistroy(cust,loanAmount);

}

else if (vehicle.getPrice()<=cust.getCashOnHand()) //reason for using getters is encapsulating and the data hiding objects, setters to set also for the same purpose

{

//customer pays in cash

processTransaction(cust,vehicle);

}

else{

System.out.println(" Customer will need more money to purchase vehicle: "+vehicle);

}

public void runCreditHistroy(Customer cust, double loanAmount)

{

System.out.println("Ran credit history for customer....");

System.out.println("Customer has been approved to purchase the vehicle");

}

public void processTransaction(Customer cust, Vehicle vehicle){

System.out.println("Customer has purchased the vehicle: "

+vehicle+" for the price "+vehicle.getPrice());

}

Output:
if false in purchaseCar()

Customer has purchased the vehicle: Vehicle {make='BMW', model='M3', price=20000.0} for the price 20000.0
false

1 2	Customer has purchased the vehicle: Vehicle {make='BMW', model='M3', price=20000.0} for the price 20000.0 false

if true in purchaseCar()

Ran credit history for customer....
Customer has been approved to purchase the vehicle
false

Ran credit history for customer....

Customer has been approved to purchase the vehicle

false

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Posted in OO Analysis and Design, OOP

Interface, Abstract Class and Polymorphism Example

Posted on June 24, 2020 | Leave a comment

Animal.java class

package com.zakilive;

public abstract class Animal {
    //defining attributes
    String name;
    int weight;
    String gender;

    public Animal(String name, int weight, String gender){   //defining constructors
        this.name=name;
        this.weight=weight;
        this.gender=gender;
    }

    //behaviours

    public void Eat(){
        System.out.println(name+" eat");
    }

    public void Sleep(){
        System.out.println(name+" Sleep");
    }

    public abstract void move(); //You cannot create instance of a abtract class


}

package com.zakilive;

public abstract class Animal {

//defining attributes

String name;

int weight;

String gender;

public Animal(String name, int weight, String gender){ //defining constructors

this.name=name;

this.weight=weight;

this.gender=gender;

}

//behaviours

public void Eat(){

System.out.println(name+" eat");

}

public void Sleep(){

System.out.println(name+" Sleep");

}

public abstract void move(); //You cannot create instance of a abtract class

}

Fish.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Fish extends Animal {

    public Fish(String name, int weight, String gender) {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }


    public void move() {
        System.out.println("Fish is swimming");
    }

    public void Swim() {
        System.out.println(name + " also Swimming...");
    }


    public static void moveAnimal() {

    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Fish extends Animal {

public Fish(String name, int weight, String gender) {

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void move() {

System.out.println("Fish is swimming");

}

public void Swim() {

System.out.println(name + " also Swimming...");

}

public static void moveAnimal() {

}

Zoo.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Zoo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       Animal sparrow1=new Sparrow("Bird1",9,"Male");
       sparrow1.move();


       Animal fish1=new Fish("Hilsha",99,"Male");
       fish1.move();

        moveAnimals(fish1);
        moveAnimals(sparrow1);



//        Animal animal1 = new Animal("Parrot", 20, "Male");
//        animal1.Eat();
//
//        Bird bird1 = new Bird("Parrot", 20, "male");
//        //bird1.Fly();
//
//        Animal animal2 = new Animal("Salmon", 50, "Female");
//        animal2.Eat();
//
//        Fish fish= new Fish("Salmon", 50, "Female");
//        fish.Swim();
//
//
//
//        Chicken chick1=new Chicken("Murgi",50,"Female");
//        chick1.fly();


    }

    private static void moveAnimals(Animal animal) {
        animal.move();

    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Zoo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal sparrow1=new Sparrow("Bird1",9,"Male");

sparrow1.move();

Animal fish1=new Fish("Hilsha",99,"Male");

fish1.move();

moveAnimals(fish1);

moveAnimals(sparrow1);

// Animal animal1 = new Animal("Parrot", 20, "Male");

// animal1.Eat();

// Bird bird1 = new Bird("Parrot", 20, "male");

// //bird1.Fly();

// Animal animal2 = new Animal("Salmon", 50, "Female");

// animal2.Eat();

// Fish fish= new Fish("Salmon", 50, "Female");

// fish.Swim();

// Chicken chick1=new Chicken("Murgi",50,"Female");

// chick1.fly();

}

private static void moveAnimals(Animal animal) {

animal.move();

}

Sparrow.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Sparrow extends Bird implements Flyable {

    public Sparrow(String name, int weight, String gender) {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }


    public void Fly(){
        System.out.println("Sparrow flying high....");
    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Sparrow extends Bird implements Flyable {

public Sparrow(String name, int weight, String gender) {

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void Fly(){

System.out.println("Sparrow flying high....");

}

Chicken.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Chicken extends Bird{


    public Chicken(String name, int weight, String gender) {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }

    public void fly(){
        System.out.println("not able to fly....");
    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Chicken extends Bird{

public Chicken(String name, int weight, String gender) {

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void fly(){

System.out.println("not able to fly....");

}

Bird.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Bird extends Animal { //now bird is a child of Animal, Bird is a subclass and Animal is base class



    public Bird(String name, int weight, String gender)
    {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }


    public void move() {
        System.out.println("Flapping wings");
    }


}

package com.zakilive;

public class Bird extends Animal { //now bird is a child of Animal, Bird is a subclass and Animal is base class

public Bird(String name, int weight, String gender)

{

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void move() {

System.out.println("Flapping wings");

}

Flyable.java

package com.zakilive;

public interface Flyable {

    //interface only has abstract method
    public void Fly(); //interface has no body



}

package com.zakilive;

public interface Flyable {

//interface only has abstract method

public void Fly(); //interface has no body

}

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Posted in OO Analysis and Design, OOP

My Java OOP example from Lessons

Posted on June 23, 2020 | Leave a comment

Animal.java:

package com.zakilive;

public class Animal {
    //defining attributes
    String name;
    int weight;
    String gender;

    public Animal(String name, int weight, String gender){   //defining constructors
        this.name=name;
        this.weight=weight;
        this.gender=gender;
    }

    //behaviours

    public void Eat(){
        System.out.println(name+" eat");
    }

    public void Sleep(){
        System.out.println(name+" Sleep");
    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Animal {

//defining attributes

String name;

int weight;

String gender;

public Animal(String name, int weight, String gender){ //defining constructors

this.name=name;

this.weight=weight;

this.gender=gender;

}

//behaviours

public void Eat(){

System.out.println(name+" eat");

}

public void Sleep(){

System.out.println(name+" Sleep");

}

Zoo.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Zoo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal animal1 = new Animal("Parrot", 20, "Male");
        animal1.Eat();

        Bird bird1 = new Bird("Parrot", 20, "male");
        bird1.Fly();

        Animal animal2 = new Animal("Salmon", 50, "Female");
        animal2.Eat();

        Fish fish= new Fish("Salmon", 50, "Female");
        fish.Swim();

    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Zoo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal animal1 = new Animal("Parrot", 20, "Male");

animal1.Eat();

Bird bird1 = new Bird("Parrot", 20, "male");

bird1.Fly();

Animal animal2 = new Animal("Salmon", 50, "Female");

animal2.Eat();

Fish fish= new Fish("Salmon", 50, "Female");

fish.Swim();

}

Fish.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Fish extends Animal{

    public Fish(String name, int weight, String gender)
    {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }

    public void Swim(){
        System.out.println(name+" also Swimming...");
    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Fish extends Animal{

public Fish(String name, int weight, String gender)

{

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void Swim(){

System.out.println(name+" also Swimming...");

}

Bird.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Bird extends Animal { //now bird is a child of Animal, Bird is a subclass and Animal is base class



    public Bird(String name, int weight, String gender)
    {
        super(name, weight, gender);
    }

    public void Fly() {
        System.out.println(name+" also Flying...");
    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Bird extends Animal { //now bird is a child of Animal, Bird is a subclass and Animal is base class

public Bird(String name, int weight, String gender)

{

super(name, weight, gender);

}

public void Fly() {

System.out.println(name+" also Flying...");

}

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Posted in OO Analysis and Design, OOP

My Beautiful Crafted Java OOP

Posted on June 23, 2020 | Leave a comment

Human.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Human {

    String name;
    int age;
    int heightInInches;
    String eyeColor;

    public Human(String name,int age,int heightInInches,String eyeColor){ //special method/construcotr method same name as class, constructor has no return type
        this.age=age;   //this is a variable which is making it dynamic when it puts
        this.heightInInches=heightInInches;
        this.eyeColor=eyeColor;
        this.name=name;
    }

    public void Speak(){
        System.out.println("Hello, my name is "+name);
        System.out.println("I am "+heightInInches+" inches tall");
        System.out.println("I am "+age+" years old");
        System.out.println("My eye color is "+eyeColor);
        System.out.println("\n");
    }

    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("Eating...");
    }

    public void walk(){
        System.out.println("Walking...");
    }

    public void work(){
        System.out.println("Working....");
    }

}

package com.zakilive;

public class Human {

String name;

int age;

int heightInInches;

String eyeColor;

public Human(String name,int age,int heightInInches,String eyeColor){ //special method/construcotr method same name as class, constructor has no return type

this.age=age; //this is a variable which is making it dynamic when it puts

this.heightInInches=heightInInches;

this.eyeColor=eyeColor;

this.name=name;

}

public void Speak(){

System.out.println("Hello, my name is "+name);

System.out.println("I am "+heightInInches+" inches tall");

System.out.println("I am "+age+" years old");

System.out.println("My eye color is "+eyeColor);

System.out.println("\n");

}

public void eat(){

System.out.println("Eating...");

}

public void walk(){

System.out.println("Walking...");

}

public void work(){

System.out.println("Working....");

}

Earth.java

package com.zakilive;

public class Earth {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
       Human human1=new Human("Togo",23,67,"Blue");
       Human human2=new Human("Bogo",32,7,"BlueOcean");
       Human human3=new Human("Zogo",34,889,"purple");

       human1.Speak();
       human2.Speak();
       human3.Speak();
    }
}

package com.zakilive;

public class Earth {

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Human human1=new Human("Togo",23,67,"Blue");

Human human2=new Human("Bogo",32,7,"BlueOcean");

Human human3=new Human("Zogo",34,889,"purple");

human1.Speak();

human2.Speak();

human3.Speak();

}

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Posted in Java, OO Analysis and Design, OOP

Unit 5- Multiple Linear Regression

Posted on June 15, 2020 | Leave a comment

iT IS HAPPEN WHEN MORE THAN ONE POSSIBLE PREDICTOR VARIABLE.

including more than one independent variable in the regression model, makes us extend the simple linerar regression model to a multiple linear regression model.

Advantages:
Relationship between response variables and several predictors simultaneously.

Disadvantages:
Model building , interpration difficulties due to complexity.

Multiple linear regression with two predictors:

Y=beta0+beta1X1+beta2X2+epsylon
where, Y is the dependent variable.
X1,X2…Xk are predictors(independent variables)
Epsylon is the random error
beta1, beta2, beta0 are unknown regression coefficients

Example=> oil consumption:

Y=oil consumption(per month)
X1=outdoor temperature

X2=size of house(in meter square)

Model:

Y=beta0+beta1X1+beta2X2+epsylon

now beta1 is expected change in Y(oil consiumption) at one unit increase in X1(outdoor temperature), when all other predictors are kept constant, i.e. in this case the size of the house is not changed.

beta1 is estimated with beta1=-27.2 degree C

Assumptions:

The random error term epsylon is normally distributed and has mean zero. i.e. E(epsylon)=0

Epsylon has (unknown) variance sigma epsylon^2. i.e. all random errors have the same variance.

Adjusted R^2
R^2adj=1- SSE/(n-k-1)/SST/(n-1)

As for simple linear regression:

plots of residual against y prime
plots of residuals against xi
normal probability plot of residuals
plots of residuals in observation order
Cook’s distance
Studentized residuals
Standardized residuals
Dffits

Collinearity:
Can only occur for multiple regression.
Predictors explaining the same variation of the response variabl.

Oil consumption continued:
One predictor measuring house size in cm^2 and another predictor in m^2
Variance inflation factor

VIFi=1/1-Ri^2

Condition Index for collinearity:
between 10 and 30=>weak collinearity
between 30 and 100=>moderate
collinearity>100=>strong collinearity

Example of Oil consumption continued:
Assume that we would like to use outdoor temperature X1 and house size X2 as predictors. Additionally, we want to use a third predictor:

X3={1 if extra-thick walls, 0 otherwise

Model:
Y=beta0+beta1X1+beta2X2+beta3X3+epsylon

Model Selection Strategies:
Mldel ranked using R^2, adjusted R^2 or mallow’s Cp
Stepwise selection methods:
Backward, forward, stepwise selection

r^2 Selection
In a data set with 7 possible predictors, there would be 2^7-1=127 possible regression models.
For every model size(k=1,2,…..,p) look at, let say, m models, chosen

Mallow’s Cp:
Large Cp=>biased model
it’s a formula.
where MSEp=mean squared error for a model with p parametes
mean squared error for the full model
n=number of observations

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Posted in Data Mining, Data Mining

Category Archives: CS Courses

Class Object Example

Java learned as so far:

Master Object Oriented Design in Java course note

Confusion matrix

Outliers in DM

Exercise 11: Problem solved: Data Mining

Variable Rejection

Exercise 10: Solving for problem

Data Mining: Cluster analysis doing manually chapter 10

Data Mining: Unit 9

Data Mining: Exercise 8

Java serious OOP Practice

Interface, Abstract Class and Polymorphism Example

My Java OOP example from Lessons

My Beautiful Crafted Java OOP

Unit 5- Multiple Linear Regression

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